Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of 1-[4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) Piperazin-1-Yl] Ethenone in Twelve Mono-Solvents: Solubility Determination, Hansen Solubility Parameter and Thermodynamic Analysis

The mole fraction solubility of 1-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethenone (1-HPE) in twelve mono-solvent systems namely “2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), butan-1-ol (n-BuOH), 2-propoxyethanol (2-PE), propan-2-ol (i-PrOH), 2-methylpropan-1-ol (i-BuOH), Acetonitrile (MeCN), ethane-1,2-diol (EG), 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE), propan-1-ol (n-PrOH), 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE)” were determined from 283.15 K to 323.15 K under 0.1 MPa. The experimental solubility order follows: 2-ME > 2-EE > 2-PE > 2-BE > MeOH > EtOH > n-PrOH > i-PrOH ≈ n-BuOH > i-BuOH ≈ MeCN > EG. The UNIQUAC model, modified Apelblat model, NRTL model, Wilson model, Jouyban model and NRTL-SAC model equation were used to correlate of 1-HPE solubility, and the average 104RMSD of them was 0.89, 1.21, 0.94, 4.72, 0.60 and 1.25, respectively. Furthermore, Hansen solubility parameters analysis (HSP) was used to evaluate the miscibility of 1-HPE in the selected solvents. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis was performed to discuss the electrostatic features and the patterns of intermolecular interactions of 1-HPE. Thermodynamic properties (ΔmixG, ΔmixS, ΔmixH, ΔdisG, ΔdisS, ΔdisH) were calculated by the UNIQUAC model. The calculated results indicated that the dissolution and mixing process of 1-HPE in the mono-solvents selected in this work was spontaneous and entropy increment.