Carbapenem-resistant biofilm-producing multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae induced hospital-acquired infections and analysis of resistant genes

In recent years, drug resistance has caused a significant number of fatalities. This review focuses on the emergence of medication resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains associated with biofilm development, neonatal sepsis, aging, and secondary K. pneumoniae infection in COVID-19 cases. This review is an exclusive survey of >200 research articles and >100 review articles indexed in the Web of Science list with the keywords “K. pneumoniae,” “drug resistance,” “sepsis,” “neonatal sepsis,” “sepsis in older age,” “secondary infection,” “biofilm production,” “secondary infection in COVID-19,” “drug resistance genes,” and “whole genome sequencing”. In order to protect antibiotic susceptibility and to provide an overview of the biofilm forming mechanisms among gram-negative bacteria, the review discusses the function of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in the production of biofilms. Additionally, K. pneumoniae’s role in contemporary cases of sepsis, spread of medication resistance in hospitals, and sepsis caused by K. pneumoniae in the geriatric age group are discussed. A summary of current approaches and the identification of drug resistance genes utilizing a whole genome sequencing technique are also reviewed in this article.