Advanced Technology for Cleanup of Syngas Produced from Pyrolysis/Gasification Processes

Syngas is a one product of the gasification and or pyrolysis processes products. Pyrolysis syngas can be used as fuel for the pyrolysis process itself and or as fuel gas that is rich with hydrogen and hydrocarbon compounds. A pyrolysis syngas contains carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2) and hydrocarbon compounds such CH4, C2H8, and traces compounds as ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and hydrogen chloride (HCl). Syngas can be cleaned up by primary methods of treatment that occur during the process and takes place inside the reactors, and secondary methods of treatment that occur after the pyrolysis or gasification of process is done and takes place by mechanical or physical processes and reforming processes. The selection of the appropriate gas cleanup system depends on the type and quantity of waste in the gas effluent and the emission limits to the atmosphere or the required treatment efficiency. To use syngas as a good quality fuel, it needs to be upgraded by the processes of upgrading syngas to fuels, which include methanation, hydrogen separation, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and hydroprocessing methods. This chapter aims to provide a review of the technologies used in cleaning up syngas that are produced from pyrolysis/gasification processes.