Metabolism of Ganoderma spp. native strains from the Sonoran Desert with vineyard pruning extracts by isothermal microcalorimetry

Ganoderma P. Karst has species of pharmacological and commercial importance, whose bioactives are used against diseases such as cancer. In Sonora, Mexico, vineyard pruning is one of the most abundant agricultural residues whose chemical composition favors the growth and development of this fungus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolism of Ganoderma species grown in liquid medium with and without elicitors derived from vineyard pruning extracts of different polarities using isothermal microcalorimetry. A commercial strain of G. lucidum (control strain) and five native strains of G. curtisii, G. oerstedii, G. sessiliforme, G. subincrustatum and G. weberianum were evaluated using an isothermal microcalorimeter to determine the growth rate ( µ Max ), lag phase ( λ ), net heat generated (MaxQ) and peak heat production time ( T ). For each of the strains, control and two treatments with vineyard pruning extracts were used. The native strains had a higher metabolic yield versus the control strain. The treatments increased the growth rate of the strains, except for G. oerstedii and G. lucidum , while G. curtisii and G. weberianum exhibited the best behavior compared to the control . Ganoderma curtisii strain showed a shorter lag phase and a considerable increase in growth rate with vineyard pruning extracts. The technique showed potential to help determine the concentration and effect time of the elicitor that produces the liquid culture of Ganoderma species that have more metabolic activity.