Biomechanical microenvironmental stimulating effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on the regeneration of crush injured rat sciatic nerve

This study evaluated the biomechanical microenvironmental stimulating effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the regeneration of crush-injured rat sciatic nerve, when combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF-β), in the form of an adenoviral vector-mediated NGF. Sprague–Dawley rats were equally distributed into six groups; PBS, BMSC, NGF-Ad + BMSC, PEMF + PBS, PEMF + BMSC and PEMF + NGF-Ad + BMSC. The PBS group received PBS (volume: 10μL/rat), the BMSC group with BMSCs (1 × 10 6 cell/10 μL/rat) and NGF-Ad group with the rhNGF-β Ad infected BMSCs (1 × 10 6 cell/10 μL/rat) immediate after right sciatic nerve crush injury. The PEMF groups were exposed to PEMF of 1mT, 50 Hz, 1 h/day. The rats were observed for 3 weeks. PEMF alone did not showed the positive effect compared with negative control group. The groups transplanted with BMSCs showed higher axonal regeneration compared with the groups without transplantation of the cells whether BMSC was infected with NGF-Ad or not and whether the animals received PEMF. PEMF + NGF-Ad + BMSC group showed the significantly highest number of axons than the other groups. Functionally, all groups showed marked improvement at 3 weeks postoperatively although the difference was not statistically significant among the groups. PEMF showed the positive effect when combined with BMSC and NGF-ad in aspect of number of axons. Therefore, combining the microenvironment stimulation methods of PEMF and conventional methods such as transplantation of stem cells and growth factor could be considered for the regeneration methods in the nerve damage.