Integrated Logic for Dielectric Elastomers: Replicating the Reflex of the Venus Flytrap

Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are electroactive polymers commonly used in soft robotics. Bulky and stiff high-voltage circuits are usually needed to control their operation. This article presents autonomous control in a multi-functional device made entirely of DEs. A gripper made of DE actuators is controlled by dielectric elastomer sensors through an electrical circuit. The circuit itself is composed of a network of actuators and sensors. The final structure requires only a constant power supply to work and produces its controlling signals. Every component can be manufactured simultaneously with the same materials and processes. At first, the logical control of the gripper is demonstrated by directly connecting a sensor to the gripper that opens when the sensor is stretched. Then, a DE level-triggered flip-flop (also called latch) is introduced to have bi-stability between open and closed states. Finally, the latch is integrated inside the gripper, allowing it to sense objects. The device autonomously grips an object that is placed in it, resembling the closing mechanism of the plant Dionaea muscipula, also known as the Venus flytrap.