Structural, magnetic, microwave absorption and electromagnetic properties of Y-Ag-doped bismuth ferrite nanoparticles for commercial applications

The sol–gel technique was used to prepare pure and Y-Ag-doped multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles. The structural, morphological, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of Y-Ag-doped Bismuth ferrite were examined. A well-arranged crystalline rhombohedral structure with space group R3c was revealed by X-ray diffraction patterns. UV analysis revealed that the band gap for pure BFO is 2.14 eV, whereas the band gap for Y-Ag-doped BFO ( x = y = 0.1 and 0.2) is 2.04 and 1.93 eV, respectively. BiFeO 3 materials (< 2.7 eV) are better suited for producing ferroelectric photovoltaic devices with excellent power conversion efficiency. The saturation magnetizations of Y-Ag-doped BFO ( x = y = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2) are 0.37, 0.54, and 0.98 emu/gm, respectively, according to the hysteresis loops of pure and Y-Ag-doped BFO, whereas coercivity and remanent rise with doping concentration. The maximum reflection loss observed for Y-Ag-doped BFO ( x = y = 0.2) is − 18.21 dB at 8.53 GHz with a bandwidth 1.01 GHz having a thickness of 2 mm. The EMI shielding effectiveness of Y-Ag-doped BFO ( x = y = 0.1, 0.2) has lower shielding effectiveness of absorption (SE A ) and higher shielding effectiveness of reflection (SE R ) as compared to undoped BFO. The total shielding effectiveness was found to be 23.05 dB at 8.36 GHz, which is equal to 98.4% of shielding efficiency for Y-Ag-doped BFO ( x = y = 0.2) and appropriate for commercial applications.