Estimation of crossbridge-state during cardiomyocyte beating using second harmonic generation

Estimation of dynamic change of crossbridge formation in living cardiomyocytes is expected to provide crucial information for elucidating cardiomyopathy mechanisms, efficacy of an inter-vention, and others. Here, we established an assay system to dynamically measure second harmonic generation (SHG) anisot-ropy derived from myosin filaments depended on their crossbridge status in pulsating cardiomyocytes. Experiments utilizing an in-heritable mutation that induces excessive myosin-actin interactions revealed that the correlation between sarcomere length and SHG anisotropy represents crossbridge formation ratio during pul-sation. Furthermore, the present method found that ultraviolet irradiation induced an increased population of attached cross -bridges that lost the force-generating ability upon myocardial differentiation. Taking an advantage of infrared two-photon excitation in SHG microscopy, myocardial dysfunction could be intravitally evaluated in a Drosophila disease model. Thus, we successfully demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the present method to evaluate the actomyosin activity of a drug or genetic defect on cardiomyocytes. Because genomic inspection alone may not catch the risk of cardiomyopathy in some cases, our study demonstrated herein would be of help in the risk assessment of future heart failure.