A review of offshore wind turbines and their various classifications

This review highlights the most prevalent classifications of wind turbines (WTs). Nowadays, the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) with 3 blades are the most reliable and widely used turbines for grid integration. Since research on vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) is currently ongoing, VAWTs can offer expertise in the installation, operation, and assembling of the technology on the platform. This paper provides a comprehensive review on offshore wind turbine research and development for offshore wind substructures. Various basic designs for fixed support structures & floating platforms used for OWTs are discussed, and their operating principles are laid forth. An outline of the research projects related to floating wind technology that have been carried out by major research institutions and scientific community follows. On the basis of the most recent tests, some conclusions have been drawn about future research and the adoption of wind turbines on offshore. Since big VAWTs are still at a premature stage, deeper research work will be done on VAWTs at creating a practical, reliable, and cost-effective power generating technology for the low-income and remote power usage.