“Novel Clinical Manifestations of Human Monkeypox Virus Infection and Current Therapeutic and Preventive Strategies: A Systematic Review “

The escalating global monkeypox cases since early May 2022, acquired by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double-stranded DNA virus has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Globally as of December 2022, the MPXV was transmitted to more than 100 countries with around 82,550 cases, among which 81577 cases from the 103 countries that are non-endemic to the MPXV with more than 50 deaths. The ripple effect of the Monkeypox outbreak in nonendemic countries globally could potentially bring significant challenges to worldwide health systems if the spread of the virus is not effectively controlled. In this urgent situation, only three antiviral drugs are in use against monkeypox infections and are not specific against monkeypox, hence the scientific communities across the world are in search to explore vaccines or therapeutic antiviral drugs selectively against the monkeypox virus. Here, in the present review, we discuss the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the ongoing MPX outbreak of 2022 in nonendemic countries globally, from the published and grey literature in PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar. A total of 17 studies with 17,811 of MPX cases were found and included in the final qualitative analysis of the current systematic review. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This study did not receive any funding ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: N/A I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines and uploaded the relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material as supplementary files, if applicable. Yes All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors