Building Orientation and Post Processing of Ti6Al4V Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process

Laser powder bed fusion, particularly the selective laser melting (SLM), is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology used to produce near-net-shaped engineering components for biomedical applications, especially in orthopaedics. Ti6Al4V is commonly used for producing orthopaedic implants using SLM because it has excellent mechanical qualities, a high level of biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance. However, the main problems associated with this process are the result of its surface properties: it has to be able to promote cell attachment but, at the same time, avoid bacteria colonization. Surface modification is used as a post-processing technique to provide items the unique qualities that can improve their functionality and performance in particular working conditions. The goal of this work was to produce and analyse Ti6Al4V samples fabricated by SLM with different building directions in relation to the building plate (0 degrees and 45 degrees) and post-processed by anodization and passivation. The results demonstrate how the production and post processes had an impact on osteoblast attachment, mineralization, and osseointegration over an extended period of time. Though the anodization treatment result was cytotoxic, the biocompatibility of as-built specimens and specimens after passivation treatment was confirmed. In addition, it was discovered that effective post-processing increases the mineralization of these types of 3D-printed surfaces.