Designing of different types of gyroid scaffold architecture to achieve patient-specific osseointegration friendly mechanical environment

Porous three-dimensional scaffolds provide a favorable environment for the regeneration of tissues and organs to recover the injured tissue in terms of structure and biological function. Proper design of scaffold architecture is a crucial factor for tissue engineering. The mechanical properties and performance of the scaffold depend on the scaffold architecture, material, and geometry. In this study, numerical analysis is performed on four types of gyroids to see the variation of effective elastic modules in three different directions. The fluid flow induces wall shear stress (WSS), considering the Newtonian fluid is also investigated. Initially, the WSS is evaluated through computational fluid dynamics simulation and compared to previous literature. A good agreement between the results of published literature and those initial works encourages dealing with several cases by varying different parameters. The effect of scaffold architecture, pore size, and flow direction on WSS is studied using 16 different gyroid models. A significant reduction of scaffold stiffness can be achieved with porosity, and WSS increases with a decrease in pore size. Inlet flow direction also has a good influence on WSS. Fluid flow perpendicular to the gyroid cross-sectional area gives maximum WSS and gradually decreases with an increase in direction angle. The present study can be used to reference a specific scaffold design in tissue engineering.