Nano palladium/palladium oxide formulation using Ricinus communis plant leaves for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities

For nanomaterials and nanodrugs formulation, there is a growing need to embrace herbal plants. The advancement of the green approach is achieving new places and importance due to an environmentally sus-tainable methodology of synthesis and other added advantages. This work emphasizes to use of Ricinus communis plant leaves (RLE) as it is a potential source of natural compounds to formulate nanodrug. Hence, a greener approach has been developed to fabricate palladium nanoparticles using aqueous Ricinus communis leaves extract (RLE@Pd/PdO NPs) at 80 celcius. Several analytical tools such as UV-visible (UV-vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) have been used to confirm the fabrication of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs. The as-prepared RLE@Pd/PdO NPs are subjected to test their antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activity. The components of RLE behave as a supporting material to prevent agglomeration of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs and enhances the surface area of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs (TEM & PCS). Consequently, similar to 76 % radical scavenging activity (RSA) of RLE@Pd/PdO NPs had been observed. Irregular, necrotic, shrunken, and detached morphology from the well surface had been observed using phase-contrast microscopy. An excellent anti-carcinogenic activity against the lung cancer cells (A549 cell lines) had been evaluated with the minimum inhibition concentration (IC-50) of 16.32 mu g/ml. Hence, this study will be a po-tential contribution for attracting interest in RLE plants for future nanomaterials and nanodrugs formulation.