How to Use Nested Probes Coupling to Increase the Local NMR/MRI Resolution and Sensitivity for Specific Experiments

In this paper, we address resonant systems intended to be used with the commercial main resonator present on all NMR or MRI instruments. The purpose of this approach is to get an improvement regarding the spatial localization and signal to noise ratio provided by an additional smaller coil. Both coils are coupled to the same sample region, and thus, are inductively coupled through their common magnetic flux. The coupling strength is characterized by the so-called mutual inductance M. Two practical devices are presented. Firstly, a geometrical passive decoupled resonant system (M = 0) allows getting a sensitive received signal from the maximized nuclear macroscopic magnetization, excited by the main resonator and detected by the smaller sniffer coil. Secondly, a strongly coupled resonant system allows us to considerably locally improve the magnetic component of the RF near field to provide an efficient nuclear spin magnetization excitation and a high received signal. For both configurations, the behavior of the coils system regarding the amplitude of B-1 is addressed. Finally, specific technical hints to achieve optimum energy transfer (impedance matching) are discussed, taking into account the non-ideal RF characteristics of the involved components. Examples of MRI experiments, as well as workbench evaluations and simulations support the principles exposed here.