A method of citrus epidermis defects detection based on an improved YOLOv5

Achieving intelligent detection of citrus epidermal defects after harvesting is of great sig-nificance to citrus quality and value assurance. The uneven illumination makes it chal-lenging to detect citrus epidermis abnormalities with great accuracy. In order to improve the detection accuracy of citrus epidermal invisible defects, firstly, a dual-lamp image acquisition system is designed and used to complete the image acquisition of citrus fruit invisible defects. Secondly, the YOLOv5 model was optimized by integrating the attention mechanism CBAM and modifying the loss function as DIoU. Finally, the performance of the improved model was verified by comparison experiments and ablation experiments. Ac-cording to the experimental results, mAP, Precision and Recall of the improved YOLOv5 model were 95.5%, 94.0% and 95.1%, respectively, which were 5.8%, 3.6% and 7.6% higher than those of YOLOv5x. Meanwhile, the average detection speed increased by 22.1 ms per pic. This indicates that the improved network being applied to citrus epidermal defects detection can achieve better performance. It can provide technical support for the intel-ligent detection and grading of postharvest citrus.(c) 2023 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.