Network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of urolithin A in combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome

This research used network pharmacology, molecular docking, in vivo studies, and other techniques to investigate the biological activity and mechanism of action of urolithin A (UA) in treating combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). Urolithin A and potential related targets of allergic rhinitis and asthma were searched from the public databases. Then, bioinformatics analyses were given to protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation were performed, aiming at predicting the binding of the active compound to the core target. Finally, in vivo experiment was conducted for further validation. A total of 45 common targets of allergic rhinitis and urolithin A and 62 common targets of asthma and urolithin A were identified, among which six common core targets were screened with Cytoscape. Molecular docking indicated that these core targets had good binding activity to urolithin A, which was further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. In the CARAS mouse model, urolithin A showed anti-inflammatory properties. The biological activity and regulatory network of UA on CARAS were revealed, and the anti-inflammatory effect of UA was clarified, which could be associated with the equilibrium of the immune system’s Th1/Th2 cells.