Selecting proper sites for underground dam construction using Multi-Attribute Utility Theory in arid and semi-arid regions

Although the construction of underground dams is one of the best methods to conserve water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, applying efficient methods for the selection of suitable sites for subsurface dam construction remains a challenge. Due to the costly and time-consuming methods of site selection for underground dam construction, this study aimed to present a new method using geographic information systems techniques and decision-making processes. The exclusionary criteria including fault, slope, hypsometry, land use, soil, stream, geology, and chemical properties of groundwater were selected for site selection of dam construction and inappropriate regions were omitted by integration and scoring layers in ArcGIS based on the Boolean logic. Finally, appropriate sites were prioritized using the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory. According to the results of the utility coefficient, seven sites were selected as the region for underground dam construction based on all criteria and experts’ opinions. The site of Nazarabad dam was the best location for underground dam construction with a utility coefficient of 0.7137 followed by sites of Akhavan with a utility coefficient of 0.4633 and Mirshamsi with a utility coefficient of 0.4083. This study proposed a new approach for the construction of the subsurface dam at the proper site and help managers and decision-makers achieve sustainable water resources with limited facilities and capital and avoid wasting national capital.