Hierarchical and Zonal Economic Dispatching Strategy for Flexible Load Considering Electric Vehicles

Loads of smart grids include traditional load and flexible load. The flexible load on the side of China's distribution network mainly consists of electric vehicles and air conditioning load, and the power demand changes with the price of electricity is one of its important features. One of its essential features is the power demand changes with the electricity price. This paper analyzes the characteristics of electric vehicles and air conditioning loads based on the assumption of a complete electricity market. It proposes a hierarchical zonal scheduling architecture and market interaction mechanism for controllable loads based on this. The model treats agents and controllable loads as a non-cooperative game relationship and establishes a two-layer optimization model to coordinate the interests of both parties based on the master-slave game model. The upper-layer model formulates retail electricity prices and power purchase and sales strategies in the real-time market through agents. The lower-layer model uses electric vehicles and air conditioning systems as controllable load research objects to optimize available power strategies by combining dispatchable periods and thermal inertia. Finally, simulation analysis is performed to verify that the proposed master-slave game model guarantees a win-win situation for both users and agents, and results in a 13.5% increase in agency revenue.