"I'm not Just Some Criminal, I'm Actually a Person to Them Now": The Importance of Child-Staff Therapeutic Relationships in the Children and Young People Secure Estate

Therapeutic relationships between children and staff across the Children and Young People Secure Estate (CYPSE) is an under-researched area. The aim of this research is to explore the research question, 'what are the key elements of the development and maintenance of effective therapeutic relationships?' Qualitative semi-structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with children in Young Offender Institutions, Secure Training Centers and Secure Children's Homes in England between February-November 2019 (N = 28 children; 25 interviews, 1 focus group). Framework analysis and grounded theory methodology were applied to the data, and 13 themes were generated. The facilitating properties of good communication, understanding, reciprocal respect, trust, and a sense of fairness in these relationships are highlighted. Positive relationships may be facilitated through the formulation process. The varied experiences of children are considered, highlighting the need for knowledge sharing and training staff in effective helping skills.