Biohydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene to 1-Butene under Acetogenic Conditions by Acetobacterium wieringae .

The environmental fate and transformation mechanism(s) of 1,3-butadiene (BD) under anoxic conditions remain largely unexplored. Anaerobic consortia that can biohydrogenate BD to stoichiometric amounts of 1-butene at a maximum rate of 205.7 ± 38.6 μM day were derived from freshwater river sediment. The formation of 1-butene occurred only in the presence of both H and CO with concomitant acetate production, suggesting the dependence of BD biohydrogenation on acetogenesis. The 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing revealed the enrichment and dominance of a novel population, designated as strain N, in the BD-biohydrogenating community. Multiple genes encoding putative ene-reductases, candidate catalysts for the hydrogenation of the C═C bond in diene compounds, were annotated on the metagenome-assembled genome of strain N, and thus attributed the BD biohydrogenation activity to strain N. Our findings emphasize an essential but overlooked role of certain members (e.g., strain N) contributing to the natural attenuation of BD in contaminated subsurface environments (e.g., sediment and groundwater). Future efforts to identify and characterize the ene-reductase(s) responsible for BD biohydrogenation in strain N hold promise for the development of industrial biocatalysts capable of stereoselective conversion of BD to 1-butene.