Investigation of Griffiths phase, spin reorientation and magnetism in double perovskite Gd2FeMnO6

In this study, double perovskites of Gd2FeMnO6 (GFMO) are successfully prepared using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction results indicate that GFMO has an orthogonal structure (space group Pnma). Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show mixed-valence states of 3d transition ions. A further analysis of thermomagnetic data suggests that, in addition to the canted antiferromagnetism and spin reorientation, there is also a Griffiths phase with an antiferromagnetic ground state caused by ferromagnetic short-range interactions and confirmed by electron spin resonance analysis. Antisite-disordered B-site ions give rise to different short-range magnetic orders, which disrupt the long-range ferromagnetic order of Fe-O-Mn, leading to the forma-tion of a short-range ferromagnetic order. Furthermore, with magnetocaloric magnitudes of 17.0 J kg-1 K-1 for 0-50 kOe, GFMO polycrystalline is a promising candidate for magnetic refrigerants in the ultra-low temperature range. Finally, the change in magnetic entropy due to spin reorientation at room temperature (285K) has po-tential applications in thermostatic water bath switches.