Alveolar regeneration induced by calcium phosphate ceramics after dental avulsion: Study in young rats

Dental grafts are alternatives to dental loss in children, while growing and developing. The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo in the dental socket, the bioactivity of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) obtained from fish bone, pure and associated with Nb2O5. The in vitro study was performed after immersion in 1.5SBF, by XRD and SEM. Young Wistar rats were used for in vivo study, simulating a dental avulsion by exodontia. The alveoli of the upper right incisor were filled with granulated BCP or BCP/Nb2O5. In controls, the alveoli were filled with clot of the animal itself. At 7, 15, 30, 60 and 120 days after surgery, the animals were killed and the jaws were collected, fixed, embedded in paraffin, and stained with H&E, Azan and immunostained for osteocalcin. The in vitro test showed growth of apatite on the ceramics. In vivo analyses showed that the materials were biocompatible and stimulated osteogenesis at all periods. It is concluded that the BCP and BCP/Nb2O5 ceramics were active in bone formation and maturation after exodontia. In cases of tooth loss by avulsion, in children, clinicians should consider the use of calcium phosphate-based grafts, with slow resorption, and excellent bioperformance, to maintain the dimensions of the alveolar ridge, favoring future implants.