Reliability and stability of a statistical model to predict ground-based PM 2.5 over 10 years in Karachi, Pakistan, using satellite observations
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health(2023)
摘要
Understanding the complex mechanisms of climate change and its environmental consequences requires the collection and subsequent analysis of geospatial data from observations and numerical modeling. Multivariable linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to estimate daily surface fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) levels in the megacity of Pakistan. The main parameters for the multivariable linear regression model were the 10-km-resolution satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) and daily averaged meteorological parameters from ground monitoring (temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and planetary boundary layer height). Ground-based PM 2.5 was measured in two stations in the city, Korangi (industrial/residential) and Tibet Center (commercial/residential). The initial linear regression model was modified using a stepwise selection procedure and adding interaction parameters. Finally, the modified model showed a strong correlation between the PM 2.5 –satellite AOD and other meteorological parameters ( R 2 = 0.88–0.92 and p -value = 10 −7 depending on the season and station). The mixed-effect technique improved the model performance by increasing the R 2 values to 0.99 and 0.93 for the Korangi and Tibet Center sites, respectively. Cross-validation methods were used to confirm the reliability of the model to predict PM 2.5 after 10 years.
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关键词
MODIS AOD, Korangi, Tibet Center, Mixed-effects model, Multivariable linear regression model, Meteorological parameters
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