Precision Magnetic Field Sensing with Dual Multi-Wave Atom Interferometer.

Precision magnetic field measurement is widely used for practical applications, fundamental research, and medical purposes, etc. We propose a novel quantum magnetometer based on atoms' multi-wave (3-wave and 5-wave) Ramsey interference. Our design features high phase sensitivity and can be applied to in situ measurements of the magnetic field inside vacuum chambers. The final state detection is designed to be achieved by Raman's two-photon transition. The analytical solution for applicable interference fringe is presented. Fringe contrast decay due to atom temperature and magnetic field gradient is simulated to estimate reasonable experimental conditions. Sensitivity functions for phase noise and magnetic field noise in a multi-wave system are derived to estimate the noise level required to reach the expected resolution. The validity of the model, dual-channel features on bias estimation, and the quasi-non-destructive detection feature are discussed.