Unraveling and Overcoming Platinum Drug-Resistant Cancer Tumors with DNA Nanostructures

All chemotherapeutic treatments worldwide (>50%) use platinum-based compounds. Despite their clinical success, an increasing number of platinum drug-resistant tumors are reported, limiting the therapeutic application of these compounds. While various kinds of strategies are pursued to circumvent resistances, there remains a lack of understanding of how cancer cells develop platinum drug resistances. Within this study, the involvement of the DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in the occurrence of platinum drug resistance is directly visualized in living cells by a DNA tetrahedron-based molecular probe. Capitalizing on this biochemical insight, the suppression of the expression of APE1 in cancer cells is realized using a DNA tetrahedron-based RNA interference technique, presenting a novel strategy to overcome platinum drug resistance. This study presents the first example of Pt(IV) complex loaded tumor aptamer-modified DNA tetrahedrons with an APE1 specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) strand for suppression of APE1 expression and therapeutic treatment of patient-derived platinum drug-resistant lung cancer tumors.