Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Fatty Acid Desaturase ( FAD ) Genes in Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz.

(L.) Crantz is an indispensable oilseed crop, and its seeds contain many unsaturated fatty acids. FAD (fatty acid desaturase) regulates the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. In this research, we performed gene family analysis and identified 24 genes in Camelina, which were unevenly distributed on 14 of the 19 total chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that includes four subfamilies, supported by the conserved structures and motifs of genes. In addition, we investigated the expression patterns of the family in the different tissues of Camelina. We found that family genes were all expressed in the stem, and was highly expressed in the early stage of seed development. Moreover, during low temperature (4 °C) stress, we identified that the expression level of significantly changed. By observing the transient expression of CsFAD2-2 in Arabidopsis protoplasts, we found that CsFAD2-2 was located on the nucleus. Through the detection and analysis of fatty acids, we prove that CsFAD2-2 is involved in the synthesis of linolenic acid (C18:3). In conclusion, we identified through the phylogenetic analysis of the gene family and further determined the fatty acid content to find that is involved in fatty acid synthesis in Camelina.