Machining of ceramic materials: a state-of-the-art review

Nowadays, innovations exist for ceramic materials such as Boron carbide, optical glass, quartz, ceramic matrix composites (CMC), float glass, zerodur, and many more are still under investigation because of their distinctive features. Apart from this, many of them face machining and fabrication-related issues. Researchers focus on such a critical and vogue area, which is directly associated with the practical application of hard and brittle materials as well as it entails resolving difficult to machine materials up to their zenith level while optimizing several machining parameters, surface texture, out of roundness, chipping, cracking, etc. Certain ceramic glass materials have wide applications owing to it’s of their exceptional characteristics. This study reviews the hierarchy of ceramic and glass materials in appropriate detail and their eye-catching properties and applications. Besides different machining methods have been discussed in details along with their industrial applications. In the last section, the defects which frequently occurred during the ceramic’s machining have been explicitly discussed followed by solutions to avoid such defects. While deploying rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM), the exit chipping was apparently reduced and reached to 25.378 µm. The same trend is noticed on K9 optical glass and sapphire material which concludes the better hole creation and produces fewer cutting forces and modest subsurface cracks with smaller edge chips. This review paper is a state-of-art investigation that will be quite useful for the students, researchers, industrialists, and academicians working in the field of ceramics.