Indoor 3D NLOS VLP Using A Single Image Sensor and Two Virtual LEDs

Indoor visible light positioning (VLP) is facing two important challenges which are the obstructed line-of-sight (LOS) paths between transmitters and receivers and the need for a sufficient number of LEDs that can be captured within the limited field of view (FOV). To solve both of them, a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) VLP system using a single an image sensor (IS) and two virtual LEDs is proposed for the first time in this paper. Experiments results show that the proposed NLOS VLP system can achieve 90 ^th percentile accuracies of less than 22 cm for three-dimensional (3D) positioning.