Natural nano-fillers materials for the Bio-composites: A review

Presently, studies on biodegradable materials are acquiring a lot of scope with the development of nano-filler materials usage, which benefits society in all dimensions. Polymer-based composites with appropriate filler materials have been fabricated and are effectively used in different applications such as in the design and building industries, as well as the automotive, aviation, and shipping industries. However, the present world confronts the usage of non-biodegradable materials such as nano-filler and reinforcing materials compositions. Currently, the biodegradability of natural filler materials is one of the key factors by which their uses were extended in natural fiber-reinforced composites. Due to the availability of large surface area, aspect ratio, and improved mechanical and tribological characteristics, nanocomposites have been found in applications in many fields. Bio-based hybrid composites break the adhesion conflict between natural fibers in a nano-reinforced bio-based polymer and result in enhanced mechanical characteristics by preserving the environmental consideration. This article presents, information about the various classes of naturally available fibers, nano-filler materials and cellulosic fiber composites, nano-composites, and natural fiber reinforced and/or nano-filler based hybrid composites with special concern considering their applications. Also, it provides a summary of the prominent aspects of nanotechnology for developing hybrid composites for a feasible and eco-friendly environment.