Millennial-scale hydroclimate changes in Indian monsoon realm during the last deglaciation

In the Indian monsoon realm, spatial homogeneity of hydroclimate response to glacial abrupt climate events in the North Atlantic Ocean and its underlying mechanism are contentious. Here we reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater oxygen isotope (δ18Osw) in the central Andaman Sea, which span over the past 26,000 years, to investigate the potential driving mechanism of millennial-scale climate changes in tropical Indian Ocean. Our results demonstrate that millennial-scale SST and δ18Osw changes during the last deglaciation are associated with changes in Asian monsoon system which follows North Atlantic climate changes. In particular, during the transition from BØlling/AllerØd (B/A) to Younger Dryas (YD), the strengthening of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) promotes southward invasion of northern cold air masses to Indo-China Peninsula, cooling the Andaman Sea. Meanwhile, the enriching δ18Osw is a consequence of reducing local rainfall amount and Irrawaddy River inflow due to a weakening Indian summer monsoon (ISM). With aid of an isotope-enabled climate model, our results further demonstrate that the changes in EAWM and ISM during B/A-YD transition are closely coupled with variations of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), corroborating its pivotal role in millennial-scale changes in tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate during the last deglaciation.