Stable High‐Conductivity Ethylenedioxythiophene Polymers via Borane‐Adduct Doping

Efficient doping of polymer semiconductors is required for high conductivity and efficient thermoelectric performance. Lewis acids, e.g., B(C6F5)(3), have been widely employed as dopants, but the mechanism is not fully understood. 1:1 "Wheland type" or zwitterionic complexes of B(C6F5)(3) are created with small conjugated molecules 3,6-bis(5-(7-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione [oligo_DPP(EDOT)(2)] and 3,6-bis(5''-methyl-[2,2':5',2''-terthiophen]-5-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione [oligo_DPP(Th)(2)]. Using a wide variety of experimental and computational approaches, the doping ability of these Wheland Complexes with B(C6F5)(3) are characterized for five novel diketopyrrolopyrrole-ethylenedioxythiophene (DPP-EDOT)-based conjugated polymers. The electrical properties are a strong function of the specific conjugated molecule constituting the adduct, rather than acidic protons generated via hydrolysis of B(C6F5)(3), serving as the oxidant. It is highly probable that certain repeat units/segments form adduct structures in p-type conjugated polymers which act as intermediates for conjugated polymer doping. Electronic and optical properties are consistent with the increase in hole-donating ability of polymers with their cumulative donor strengths. The doped film of polymer (DPP(EDOT)(2)-(EDOT)(2)) exhibits exceptionally good thermal and air-storage stability. The highest conductivities, approximate to 300 and approximate to 200 S cm(-1), are achieved for DPP(EDOT)(2)-(EDOT)(2) doped with B(C6F5)(3) and its Wheland complexes.