Geometrically nonlinear dynamic analysis of the stiffened perovskite solar cell subjected to biaxial velocity impacts

The perovskite solar cell (PSC) is one of the most promising photovoltaic candidates along with the highly increasing demand for green electricity. One of the main concerns regarding the PSC during its service life is nonlinear instability due to ultra-thin structural features and dynamic loadings. This paper presents a framework for nonlinear dynamic and stability analyses of the PSC with oblique stiffeners that are integrated as enhancements against external impacts. Considering von-Kármán geometric nonlinearity and smeared oblique stiffeners, the dynamic governing equation is derived by capitalizing on Airy’s stress function and the Galerkin approach. The deduced nonlinear motion equation can be effectively solved by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, such that the natural frequency, wind-induced nonlinear vibration behaviour, and dynamic buckling characteristics of the stiffened PSC can be assessed. The accuracy of the developed framework is verified with established benchmarks. Moreover, the effects of the damping ratio, thermal variance, wind load, compression speed, elastic foundation, initial imperfection, compression ratio, oblique stiffeners, and active layer thickness on the structural response and stability are thoroughly examined. Concluding remarks, drawn from this study, on the mechanical performance and stability of the novel PSC will benefit the practical design and application of PSC energy harvesting devices.