3D bioprinting and Rigenera (R) micrografting technology: A possible countermeasure for wound healing in spaceflight

Plant and animal life forms have progressively developed mechanisms for perceiving and responding to gravity on Earth, where homeostatic mechanisms require feedback. Lack of gravity, as in the International Space Station (ISS), induces acute intra-generational changes in the quality of life. These include reduced bone calcium levels and muscle tone, provoking skin deterioration. All these problems reduce the work efficiency and quality of life of humans not only during exposure to microgravity (mu G) but also after returning to Earth. This article discusses forthcoming experiments required under gravity and mu G conditions to ensure effective and successful medical treatments for astronauts during long-term space missions, where healthcare is difficult and not guaranteed.