Double Confinement Hydrogel Network Enables Continuously Regenerative Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion

Soft matter catalyst system allowing controllable manipulation of the organized nanostructure and surface property holds the potential for renewable energy. Here we demonstrate the construction of a continuously regenerative hydrogel photocatalyst that confines the metal-thiolate coordination induced nanocavity into robust micro-sized spongy network for water splitting. Thanks to low vaporization enthalpy and fast proton mobility of water molecules confining in nanocavities, the composite delivers outstanding photocatalytic H-2 production (TOF of 4568 H-2 h(-1)), nearly 4.5 times higher than that on the catalyst without confinements. Incorporating with conductive polymers, the TOF is substantially improved to 7819 H-2 h(-1). Impressively, continuous regeneration is for the first time achieved with H-2 production retention improved from 24 % to 72 % by regulating optically-active catalyst surfaces. This optical regeneration method provides new avenues for sustainable solar energy conversion.