High-Performance and Large-Area Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells Based on NiO_x Films Enabled with A Novel Microstructure-Control Technology

The improvement in the efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is significantly limited by undesirable contact at the NiOX/perovskite interface. In this study, a novel microstructure-control technology is proposed for fabrication of porous NiOX films using Pluronic P123 as the structure-directing agent and acetylacetone (AcAc) as the coordination agent. The synthesized porous NiOX films enhanced the hole extraction efficiency and reduced recombination defects at the NiOX/perovskite interface. Consequently, without any modification, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC with MAPbI(3) as the absorber layer improved from 16.50% to 19.08%. Moreover, the PCE of the device composed of perovskite Cs-0.05(MA(0.15)FA(0.85))(0.95)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)(3) improved from 17.49% to 21.42%. Furthermore, the application of the fabricated porous NiOX on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates enabled the fabrication of large-area PSCs (1.2 cm(2)) with a PCE of 19.63%. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the contact at the NiOX/perovskite interface for the fabrication of high-performance large-area perovskite solar cells.