A model to visualize the fate of iron after intracranial hemorrhage using isotopic tracers and elemental bioimaging

Hemoglobin-iron is a red blood cell toxin contributing to secondary brain injury after intracranial bleeding. We present a model to visualize an intracerebral hematoma and secondary hemoglobin-iron distribution by detecting Fe-58-labeled hemoglobin (Hb) with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on mouse brain cryosections after stereotactic whole blood injection for different time periods. The generation of Fe-58-enriched blood and decisive steps in the acute hemorrhage formation and evolution were evaluated. The model allows visualization and quantification of Fe-58 with high spatial resolution and striking signal-to-noise ratio. Script-based evaluation of the delocalization depth revealed ongoing Fe-58 delocalization in the brain even 6 days after hematoma induction. Collectively, the model can quantify the distribution of Hb-derived iron post-bleeding, providing a methodological framework to study the pathophysiological basis of cell-free Hb toxicity in hemorrhagic stroke.