Role of Organic Amendments to Mitigate Cd Toxicity and Its Assimilation in Triticum aestivum L.

In soil biota, higher and enduring concentration of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) is hazardous and associated with great loss in growth, yield, and quality parameters of most of the crop plants. Recently, in-situ applications of eco-friendly stabilizing agents in the form of organic modifications have been utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd-toxicity. This controlled experiment was laid down to appraise the imprints of various applied organic amendments namely poultry manure (PM), farmyard manure (FYM), and sugarcane press mud (PS) to immobilize Cd in polluted soil. Moreover, phytoavailability of Cd in wheat was also accessed under an alkaline environment. Results revealed that the addition of FYM (5-10 ton ha(-1)) in Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased germination rate, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, spike length, biological and grain yield amongst all applied organic amendments. Moreover, the addition of FYM (5-10 ton ha(-1)) also reduced the phytoavailabil- ity of Cd by 73-85% in the roots, 57-83% in the shoots, and 81-90% in grains of wheat crop. Thus, it is affirmed that incorporation of FYM (5-10 ton ha(-1)) performed better to enhance wheat growth and yield by remediating Cd. Thus, the application of FYM (5-10 ton ha(-1)) reduced the toxicity induced by Cd to plants by declining its uptake and translocation as compared to all other applied organic amendments to immobilize Cd under sandy alkaline polluted soil.