Current and future prospective of biosensing molecules for point-of-care sensors for diabetes biomarker

Diabetes is a chronic illness all over the world, and is one of the fastest growing global health emergencies of the 21st century. Since diabetes is a multi-system disease requiring complex management, the comprehensive care of patients with diabetes is necessary. However, frequent testing will be problematic for patients, and the laboratory results informing health care professional may not be promptly, thereby may delay appropriate management. Therefore, the availability of point-of care testing (POCT) or near patient testing which is conducted outside of a centralized laboratory by clinical staff, for biomolecules necessary for the management of patients with diabetes, is important. Diabetes mellitus is best managed by tight glycemic control, which will be achieved by glucose monitoring. Diagnoses of diabetes are carried out based on glycated hemoglobin and blood glucose concentration. In addition to glucose, glycated protein, ketone, insulin, glucagon and incretins are being the target for POCT monitoring. Recently, varieties of biosensing principles for these diabetes biomarkers have been reported based on novel biosensing principles together with the development of novel biosensing molecules. The purpose of this study was to explore current available biosensing molecules which have been utilized for the development of POCT sensor for the molecules related with the diagnosis, managements and treatment of diabetic patients.