Evaluation of Periodontopathogenic Bacteria Levels of Peri-Implants in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Treponema denticola (Td)) in saliva, peri-implant subgingival plaque samples and from natural teeth closest to the implants in the type 2 diabetes patients Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with well-controlled T2DM and seven systemically healthy patients were recruited for this study. A total of 39 dental implants; 27 implants in the diabetic group and 12 implants in the control group were placed. Subgingival plaque and saliva samples were collected from the implant and natural teeth at baseline and postoperatively at 1 month, 4 months, and 7 months. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used in the microbiological analysis. Results: The amount of Td was found to be higher in the teeth and implants of the diabetes group than in the control group at follow-up times and the baseline value in the saliva was also higher in the diabetes group than in the control group. The Pg amounts at baseline and 7 months and the Cr amounts at baseline, 4 months, and 7 months were higher in the teeth of the control group than in the diabetes group. Pg amounts at baseline and 4 months and Cr amounts at 1 month were higher in the diabetes group than in the control group. The peri-implant amounts of Cr in the diabetes group at 1 month were higher than in the control group and its amounts were higher at 7months in the control group than in the diabetes group. The amounts of Aa around both the implant and the teeth did not differ between diabetes and control groups during the follow-up periods. Conclusions: According to the results of the study, although some periodontal pathogenic bacteria increased in both diabetes and control groups during the follow-up periods, no infection was detected around the implant in either group.