Scaffold Production and Bone Tissue Healing Using Electrospinning: Trends and Gap of Knowledge

Purpose Bone fractures are the most common large organ injuries to humans, and critical situations can delay the consolidation process or even in nonunion fractures. In this context, many technologies for improving bone regeneration have been emerging, and including the use of biomaterials for bone tissue healing, once biomaterials are known by their osteogenic stimulus and capacity to produce tissue ingrowth associated with their biocompatibility and non-cytotoxicity. Methods This review of the literature investigated the effects of different biomaterials on the process of bone healing in animal experiments manufactured using the electrospinning technique. Results It is possible to highlight that a crucial aspect is combining different materials tailored to a specific and effective use. Additionally, the electrospinning method can be considered a great ally to overcome the challenges offered by manufacturing functional and compatible biomaterials for scaffolds production to be applied in the tissue healing process. Conclusion Scaffolds manufactured by electrospinning technique using biomaterials with different origins have a great potential to be used as bone grafts for bone healing stimulation since most material scaffolds are noncytotoxic, biocompatible, and have osteogenic properties. Lay Summary Many methods for improving bone regeneration have been studied by scientists worldwide, including the use of biomaterials for bone tissue healing, once biomaterials are known by their capacity to produce tissue ingrowth associated with their compatibility with our biological systems and low toxicity. The literature review investigated the effects of different materials manufactured by the electrospinning technique on bone healing in animal experiments. It is possible to highlight that scaffolds manufactured by electrospinning technique using biomaterials with different origins have a great potential to be used as bone grafts for bone healing stimulation. Graphical Abstract