Genistein Dissolution Enhancement and Potentiation of Anticancer Activity Against Breast Cancer (MCF-7) Using Genistein-Ginseng Complexation

Breast cancer (BC) is among women's commonly diagnosed cancer types. As per the published reports, more than 2.3 million women were diagnosed with BC, and approximately 685000 deaths were reported worldwide. Therefore Genistein (GST)-Ginseng (GNS) complex was developed to improve the bioavailability of GST and provide a synergistic effect against BC. For this purpose, coprecipitate complexation was used, which yielded GST-GNS complex in the desired quantity. After complexation isolation, the GST content assay showed 2.150 ± 0.012 mg and 2.360 ± 0.034 mg per 5 mg of the complex for the GST and GNS, respectively. Additionally, the GST­GNS complex solubility showed more than two times the solubility of the raw material, and GST-GNS complex also exhibited better release than their physical mixture. Further, the Fourier Transform-Infrared analysis showed an interaction between GST and GNS. Also, the Powder X-ray Diffraction study showed more amorphous properties than GST alone and the physical mixture of GST-GNS. Scanning electron microscopy images showed homogenous shape particles for the GST-GNS complex. Moreover, the efficacy study of the GST-GNS complex showed significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated antitumor synergism against BC. Furthermore, the GST-GNS complex demonstrated enhanced apoptosis, mitigated cell cycle progression, increased the percentage loss of MMPs, increased the level of ROS, p53, caspase-9, Bax, and reduced expression NF-kB, COX-2, Bcl-2. Thus, the GST-GNS complex would be suggested for an improved therapeutic approach against BC using the ameliorated bioavailability and synergized anticancer efficacy.