Features Selection in a Predictive Model for Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract Background Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is related to increased mobility and mortality. A large number of studies have explored the risk factors of AKI using traditional logistic regression (LR), which requires a generalized linear relationship between covariates and outcome. However, limited studies have explored the influence of different feature selection (FS) methods on the predictive performance of CSA-AKI. Therefore, we aimed to compare the impact of different FS methods for CSA-AKI. Methods CSA-AKI is defined according to the kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Both traditional LR and machine learning methods were used to select the potential risk factors for CSA-AKI. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the models. In addition, the importance matrix plot by random forest was used to rank the features' importance. Results A total of 1977 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at Fuwai Hospital from December 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled. The incidence of CSA-AKI during the first postoperative week was 27.8%. We concluded that different enrolled numbers of features impact the final selected feature number. The more you input, the more likely its output with all FS methods. In terms of performance, all selected features by various FS methods demonstrated excellent AUCs. Meanwhile, the embedded method demonstrated the highest accuracy compared with the LR method, while the filter method showed the lowest accuracy. Furthermore, NT-proBNP was found to be strongly associated with AKI. Our results confirmed some features that previous studies have reported and found some novel clinical parameters. Conclusions In our study, FS was as suitable as LR for predicting CSA-AKI. For FS, the embedded method demonstrated better efficacy than the other methods. Furthermore, NT-proBNP was found to be strongly associated with AKI.