Preliminary results of the experimental cross sections of the long-lived β⁺ emitters of interest in PET range verification in proton therapy at clinical energies

In proton therapy, offline PET range verification requires a comparison of the measured and expected β + activity distributions produced by the proton field in the body, looking at the the long-lived β + emitters. The reliability of the expected activity distributions depends on the Monte Carlo simulations and hence on the accuracy of the underlying cross section data. However, several studies confirm the need for more and better measurements and evaluations of these cross sections. In this work, the employed method to measure the production yields of the long-lived β + emitters of interest in PET range verification 11 C (t 1/2 = 20 min), 13 N (t 1/2 = 10 min) and 15 O (t 1/2 = 2 min) in C, N and O is presented. The method combines the multi-foil activation technique with the subsequent measurement of the induced activity in a clinical PET scanner. The preliminary results of the 12 C(p,pn) 11 C reaction cross sections is presented.