Targeted CAR-T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Adoptive immunotherapy with CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor CAR-T cell is an incredible targeted cellular immunotherapeutic approach that includes genetic modification of T-cells in pediatric and adults patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most aggressive and lethal hematologic malignancy without moment treatment. The outcomes from clinical trials across different institutions report an impressive remission rate with CD19-targeted CAR-T cell treatment. Although the success and the accomplishment of the clinical efficiency of CAR-T cell treatment, critical adverse side effects such as toxicities can occur. Cytokine release syndrome, defined as an inflammatory syndrome associated with exponential T-cell proliferation with resultant marked high cytokine levels, and neurotoxicity are the foremost common toxicities and can be severe or even deadly. In this mini-review, we will briefly sum up the results of nineteen studies of CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL.