Seed Biology and Seed Orchard Dynamics in Teak

Teak is one of the commercially important timber yielding species of the world. Reports show that, apart from variation in morphology, growth and wood traits, teak also exhibit significant variation in phenology, fruit production, fruit traits, germination attributes and seedling vigour among different seed sources and unimproved stands. Understanding seed biology is important for large scale production of quality seedlings. Seed emptiness, less number of viable seeds, seed dormancy and other factors contribute to low seed germination in teak. Seed source variation recorded for various fruit and seed morphology, seed grading, storage requirement, pre- and post-requirements of seed germination and factors affecting germination have been overviewed to achieve mass production of quality seedlings. Journey of teak improvement and detailed procedure of establishment of seed production area and seed orchards management are described. Factors affecting low fruit yield coupled with poor seed set are also discussed. It is essential that, in order to meet the domestic and global demand for quality timber, there is an urge to improve the productive potential of quality teak timber, which is highly influenced by various factors. Genetic quality is one of the focal factors that help to improve the quality timber production in teak. The existing area under improved stands is insufficient to meet the demand of quality teak seeds. Moreover, breeding approach and silvicultural interventions are necessary to improve the level of fruit production in the orchards and seed stands.