Comparison of simulation-based methods and metaheuristic optimization algorithms for optimizing window design by considering daylighting and heat transfer in a tropical region of Indonesia

Abstract This study presents evaluation and comparison of simulation-based methods and metaheuristic optimization algorithms on building design models, focussing on daylight availability maximization and energy consumption minimization. The simulation-based method was presented using Rhino/Grasshopper software supported by the Ladybug, Honeybee, and Octopus optimization plugins; while MOPSO was chosen to calculate the metaheuristic optimization algorithm. The result indicated that OTTV values of the optimum design were respectively in the range of 24.06 W/m2 to 34.15 W/m2 for Octopus optimization and 25.19 W/m2 to 34.99 W/m2 for MPSO; and the WWR value for Octopus optimization and MOPSO were in the range 15% to 23% and 15% to 26%, respectively. While both methods showed similar results, the time duration for simulating in Rhino/Grasshopper was much longer compared to calculating the algorithm using MATLAB, indicating that simulation-based was less effective.