Integrated Approach of Sustainable Agroforestry Development in Cold Arid Region of Indian Himalaya

Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, India, a Cold Arid Desert, is one amongst the most elevated (2,900 m to 5,900 m asp and coldest regions (up to −40°C) of the earth. Due to the limited cultivable land and short growing season (5–6 months), the indigenous population of the region mainly depends on natural resources for meeting their diverse subsistence needs, which has led to overexploitation. Traditional agroforestry system exists in the region since time immemorial. We have conducted surveys in Leh, Nyoma, and Nubra Valleys of the district Leh to study the existing traditional agroforestry systems. Results suggested for modification in the system to provide sustainable livelihood and environment security while maintaining a present standard of living. Keeping this in view, an integrated approach of agroforestry system which comprises five different models, i.e., 196agri-silviculture (AS), agri-horticulture (AH), agri-silvi-horticulture (ASH), silvi-pastoral (SP), and pastoral-silvi-horticulture (PSH) systems were developed and are discussed. These models have the potential to increase productivity of available farm resources without undermining ecology and environment sanctity. Further, it will open new opportunity of employment, particularly of different farming systems such as dairy, goat, and herbal. The effective implementation of these models in the region will help in social, economic, and environmental development. An appropriate strategy for promotion of agroforestry in Cold Arid Regions of India has been presented.