Moving towards FAIR practices in epidemiological research.

Data sharing is essential for reproducibility of epidemiological research, replication of findings, pooled analyses in consortia efforts and maximizing study value to address multiple research questions. However, barriers related to confidentiality, costs, and incentives often limit the extent and speed of data sharing. Epidemiological practices that follow FAIR principles can address these barriers by making data resources (F)indable with the necessary metadata, (A)ccessible to authorized users and (I)nteroperable with other data, to optimize the (R)e-use of resources with appropriate credit to its creators. We provide an overview of these principles and describe approaches for implementation in epidemiology. Increasing degrees of FAIRness can be achieved by moving data and code from on-site locations to the Cloud, using machine-readable and non-proprietary files, and developing open-source code. Adoption of these practices will improve daily work and collaborative analyses and facilitate compliance with data sharing policies from funders and scientific journals. Achieving a high degree of FAIRness will require funding, training, organizational support, recognition, and incentives for sharing research resources, both data and code. But these costs are outweighed by the benefits of making research more reproducible, impactful, and equitable by facilitating the re-use of precious research resources by the scientific community.