Preoperative S-1 Therapy for Head and Neck Carcinoma During the Waiting Period Before Surgery

Background/Aim: In patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), delayed surgery can result in poorer postoperative function and prognosis due to the growth of the tumor and extended surgery. Further, delay may even make the tumor unresectable. To prevent tumor growth during the waiting period before surgery, S-1 has been administrated preoperatively at several facilities in Japan. To date, however, the safety and efficacy of preoperative S-1 remain unclear. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 118 patients with SCCHN treated with S-1 before radical surgery at 2 institutions in Japan. We evaluated the safety of S-1 therapy, which was evaluated by the incidence of grade 3 or greater adverse events (AEs). The rate of achievement of non-growth of tumors was also calculated. Results: Regarding safety, 125 AEs of all grades were recorded in 71 patients (60%). Of these, grade 3 AEs were detected in 3 patients (3%), and no grade 4 or 5 AEs occurred. The nongrowth rate of primary lesions and lymph node metastases was 89% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Preoperative S-1 therapy might be useful, with acceptable toxicity, on an outpatient basis in patients with SCCHN.