Disks and Outflows in the Intermediate-mass Star-forming Region NGC 2071 IR

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL(2022)

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摘要
We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array band 6/7 (1.3 mm/0.87 mm) and Very Large Array Ka-band (9 mm) observations toward NGC 2071 IR, an intermediate-mass star-forming region. We characterize the continuum and associated molecular line emission toward the most luminous protostars, i.e., IRS1 and IRS3, on similar to 100 au (0.'' 2) scales. IRS1 is partly resolved in the millimeter and centimeter continuum, which shows a potential disk. IRS3 has a well-resolved disk appearance in the millimeter continuum and is further resolved into a close binary system separated by similar to 40 au at 9 mm. Both sources exhibit clear velocity gradients across their disk major axes in multiple spectral lines including (CO)-O-18, H2CO, SO, SO2, and complex organic molecules like CH3OH, (CH3OH)-C-13, and CH3OCHO. We use an analytic method to fit the Keplerian rotation of the disks and give constraints on physical parameters with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo routine. The IRS3 binary system is estimated to have a total mass of 1.4-1.5 M (circle dot). IRS1 has a central mass of 3-5 M (circle dot) based on both kinematic modeling and its spectral energy distribution, assuming that it is dominated by a single protostar. For both IRS1 and IRS3, the inferred ejection directions from different tracers, including radio jet, water maser, molecular outflow, and H-2 emission, are not always consistent, and for IRS1 these can be misaligned by similar to 50 degrees. IRS3 is better explained by a single precessing jet. A similar mechanism may be present in IRS1 as well but an unresolved multiple system in IRS1 is also possible.
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关键词
region ngc,disks,intermediate-mass,star-forming
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